Immunotherapy and Glioblastoma Multiforme

GBM is the most common primary brain tumor. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), GBM is classified as grade IV glioma. GBM is invasive and penetrates the adjoining brain tissue. Incidence is higher in case of men and people of white race and non-Hispanic ethnicity. They are common in adults of age range 45-65 years. GBM is a highly aggressive tumor that tends to recur locally. Surgical removal of the tumor is not possible in many cases, as the tumor easily invades its adjacent brain tissue. Progression free survival (PFS) is 6.9 months and overall survival (OS) is 14.6 months for most GBM patients with standard treatment, however, about 3% of cases might live more than 3 years and considered to be long term survivors. The molecular genomics of glioblstoma multiforme cancer has reached advanced stages that enhanced our understanding of its tumorigenesis and presented multiple possible targeted options for its remedy. We review the available drugs and vaccines tested in the management of glioblstoma multiforme. Some has become standard of care, but many are under clinical trials with much anticipated results. In this paper we overview of the class of Monoclonal Antibodies (MAB), Vaccines, Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors, check point inhibitors, Adoptive T-cell Therapyand kinase inhibitors in the treatment of glioblstoma multiforme.

Keywords: GBM glioblstomamultiforme, WHO World Health Organization, PFS, Progression free survival, OS overall survival, Monoclonal Antibodies, Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors, check point inhibitors, Adoptive T-cell Therapy kinase inhibitors.